Reading Comprehension Worksheet 2

Reading Comprehension Worksheet 2 Reading comprehension is like anything; to get good at it, you need to practice. Luckily, you can do that, here, with this Reading Comprehension Worksheet 2 – The End of Overeating. Directions: The passage below is followed by questions based on its content; answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Printable PDFs: The End of Overeating Reading Comprehension Worksheet | The End of Overeating Reading Comprehension Worksheet Answer Key From The End of Overeating by David Kessler. Copyright  © 2009 by David Kessler. Years of research had educated me about how sugar, fat, and salt change the brain. I understood some of the parallels between hyperpalatable foods and drugs of abuse, and about the links among sensory stimulation, cues, and memory. Id met enough people like Claudia and Maria to understand how even the thought of food could cause them to lose control. But I wasnt fully prepared for the discoveries I made about irresistibility and whoosh, the Monster Thickburger and Baked! Cheetos Flamin Hot, about indulgence and purple cows. Without necessarily understanding the underlying science, the food industry has discovered what sells. I was sitting at Chilis Grill Bar in Chicagos OHare Airport waiting for a late-night flight. At a nearby table a couple in their early forties was deep into a meal. The woman was overweight, with about 180 pounds on her five-foot-four-inch frame. The Southwestern Eggrolls she had ordered were listed as a starter course, but the enormous platter in front of her had been heaped with food. The dish was described on the menu as smoked chicken, black beans, corn, jalapeà ±o Jack cheese, red peppers, and spinach wrapped inside a crispy flour tortilla, and it was served with a creamy avocado-ranch dipping sauce. Despite its name, the dish looked more like a burrito than an egg roll, an only-in-America fusion approach. I watched as the woman attacked her food with vigor and speed. She held the egg roll in one hand, dunked it into the sauce, and brought it to her mouth while using the fork in her other hand to scoop up more sauce. Occasionally she reached over and speared some of her companions french fries. The woman ate steadily, working her way around the plate with scant pause for conversation or rest. When she finally paused, only a little lettuce was left. Had she known someone was watching her, Im sure she would have eaten differently. Had she been asked to describe what she had just eaten, she probably would have substantially underestimated her consumption. And she would probably have been surprised to learn what the ingredients in her meal really were. The woman might have been interested in how my industry source, who had called sugar, fat, and salt the three points of the compass, described her entree. Deep-frying the tortilla drives down its water content from 40 percent to about 5 percent and replaces the rest with fat. The tortilla is really going to absorb a lot of fat, he said. It looks like an egg roll is supposed to look, which is crispy and brown on the outside. The food consultant read through other ingredients on the label, keeping up a running commentary as he did. Cooked white meat chicken, binder added, smoke flavor. People like smoky flavor - its the caveman in them. Theres green stuff in there, he said, noting the spinach. That makes me feel like Im eating something healthy. Shredded Monterey Jack cheese.... The increase in per-capita consumption of cheese is off the chart. The hot peppers, he said, add a little spice, but not too much to kill everything else off. He believed the chicken had been chopped and formed much like a meat loaf, with binders added, which makes those calories easy to swallow. Ingredients that hold moisture, including autolyzed yeast extract, sodium phosphate, and soy protein concentrate, further soften the food. I noticed that salt appeared eight times on the label and that sweeteners were there five times, in the form of corn-syrup solids, molasses, honey, brown sugar, and sugar. This is highly processed? I asked. Absolutely, yes. All of this has been processed such that you can wolf it down fast...chopped up and made ultrapalatable.... Very appealing looking, very high pleasure in the food, very high caloric density. Rules out all that stuff you have to chew. By eliminating the need to chew, modern food processing techniques allow us to eat faster. When youre eating these things, youve had 500, 600, 800, 900 calories before you know it, said the consultant. Literally before you know it. Refined food simply melts in the mouth. Reading Comprehension Worksheet Questions 1. It can be inferred from the authors description of the woman eating in paragraph four that(A) The woman prefers to eat at Chilis vs. other restaurants.(B) The woman truly enjoys the foods that she chooses to eat.(C) The womans efficiency at cleaning her plate adds to her dining experience.(D) The author is disgusted by the womans consumption.(E) The author believes the woman should take a course in healthy eating. 2. According to the passage, the main reason people overeat is(A) because salt and sweeteners, like corn-syrup solids and brown sugar, are added to the food.(B) because we dont have to chew our food very much.(C) because people like smoky flavor.(D) because sugar, fat and salt change the brain.(E) because we are used to eating quickly in this modern society. 3. The following are all ingredients in the egg rolls, EXCEPT(A) salt(B) binders(C) honey(D) spinach(E) dark meat chicken 4. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the passage? (A) If you eat too much food too quickly, youll gain weight and become unhealthy.(B) Because refined food is irresistible and easy to eat, it masks how unhealthy it is, leaving people unaware of the poor food choices theyre making.(C) Chilis is one of the restaurants in the U.S. serving unhealthy food to consumers today.(D) Food consultants and authors are making Americans aware of their unhealthy eating habits, thus, creating healthier generations for years to come.(E) Refined foods, with salt, sugar, and fat hidden inside, are less nutritious and more damaging than whole foods. 5. In the first sentence of paragraph four, the word vigor most nearly means(A) pleasure(B) flamboyance(C) lethargy(D) energy(E) craftiness Answer and Explanation More Reading Comprehension Practice

Qué hacer en cita migratoria cuando no se habla inglés

Quà © hacer en cita migratoria cuando no se habla inglà ©s Si no se siente cà ³modo hablando en inglà ©s y tiene que realizar alguna gestià ³n migratoria en ese idioma o presentarse a una entrevista o vista no se preocupe, ya que existen soluciones sencillas segà ºn el caso. Este artà ­culo trata de cà ³mo resolver el problema del poco conocimiento de inglà ©s que puede surgir en  cuatro situaciones: traduccià ³n de documentos al inglà ©scitacià ³n ante el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s)citacià ³n para una Corte migratoriay cita para entrevista en un consulado o Embajada de los Estados Unidos en otro paà ­s. Cà ³mo traducir un documento al inglà ©s para el USCIS o un consulado Excepto en los casos muy concretos en los que se pide una traduccià ³n realizada por un traductor jurado y/o notarizada es suficiente una traduccià ³n certificada.   Esto quiere decir que es buena una realizada por cualquier persona que habla y escribe con fluidez el inglà ©s y el idioma del que traduce, generalmente el espaà ±ol. Este es un modelo de carta que se puede seguir para certificar dicha traduccià ³n. Esto es importante porque puede facilitar importante ahorro de dinero. Cita en una oficina del USCIS cuando no se habla bien inglà ©s Son muchos los ejemplos en los que el USICS puede citar para una entrevista. Como por ejemplo: Residencia permanente definitiva o condicional, en este caso por razà ³n de matrimonio.Entrevista por caso de  AsiloExamen para adquirir la ciudadanà ­a americana por naturalizacià ³n en los casos muy concretos en los que al solicitante se le permite rendir el examen en su idioma materno y no en inglà ©s, etc En estos casos, aunque puede que el oficial a cargo de un caso sea bilingà ¼e, eso no tiene que ser necesariamente asà ­. El USCIS no proporciona intà ©rpretes para traducir del espaà ±ol al inglà ©s y viceversa. Por esta razà ³n si se ha sido citado y no se siente cà ³modo hablando en inglà ©s, usted puede llevar a un intà ©rprete para que traduzca las preguntas y tambià ©n sus respuestas. El USCIS permite realizar la labor de intà ©rprete para las entrevistas a: Un familiar o amigo del entrevistado siempre que tenga  un conocimiento alto en los dos idiomas.Un traductor profesional. Los hay incluso con la especialidad de asistir a ese tipo de entrevistas a los que, là ³gicamente, hay que pagar por sus servicios profesionales. Lo ms conveniente es que el traductor sea un ciudadano americano o un residente permanente legal, y no un amigo que est en Estados Unidos temporalmente con una visa de turista, por ejemplo. Ya que en estos casos es posible que el oficial de inmigracià ³n decida que no lo acepta como intà ©rprete. Asimismo, los inmigrantes indocumentados deben abstenerse de pisar voluntariamente un edificio federal, particularmente los de inmigracià ³n, ya que pueden ser detenidos. Por lo tanto, no es conveniente que brinden sus servicios de traductor a un familiar o amigo. Adems,   otro requisito es que la persona que ha de traducir del inglà ©s al espaà ±ol y viceversa tiene que tener como mà ­nimo los 18 aà ±os de edad cumplidos. Por à ºltimo, tener en cuenta que aunque no hay una regla definitiva sobre el asunto, lo cierto es que en los casos de entrevistas a matrimonios el oficial de inmigracià ³n puede no permitir que un esposo bilingà ¼e traduzca para el que no habla inglà ©s. La razà ³n es que harà ­a ms difà ­cil detectar si se trata de un matrimonio de conveniencia. Cuando se tiene una cita en una Corte de Inmigracià ³n En este caso, la Corte sà ­ que brinda un servicio gratuito de intà ©rpretes. Es posible que la persona que va a realizar este servicio està © presente en la sala o, muy probablemente, està © en otra parte y la comunicacià ³n se tenga que realizar por telà ©fono. Por el contrario, las cortes migratorias no facilitan la presencia de abogados de oficio para defender a los migrantes. Son estos los que deben procurarse uno o defenderse a sà ­ mismos, quedando claro que las estadà ­sticas demuestran que hay una gran diferencia en resultados siendo mejores cuando los migrantes son representados por abogados. Cuando se est detenido o arrestado por autoridades migratorias Es muy importante no firmar ningà ºn documento que no se entienda. Este es un derecho de todas las personas, incluidos los migrantes indocumentados. Si hay algo que no se entiende, solicitar un abogado.   Entrevista en consulados y embajadas No es necesario llevar traductor ni a las entrevistas para solicitar visas no inmigrante como a las de visas de inmigrante. La razà ³n es que todos  los consulados y Embajadas de los Estados Unidos cuentan con trabajadores bilingà ¼es. En resumen, la falta de conocimiento de inglà ©s se puede arreglar de las formas explicadas en este artà ­culo. Este artà ­culo es sà ³lo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto

3.Using an extended example critically discuss the view that a sector Essay - 1

3.Using an extended example critically discuss the view that a sector matrix gives a better strategic understanding of product markets than the concepts of product or commodity chains - Essay Example Some have limiting capabilities while one or two may be considered appropriate for a specific industry. Such is the case of sector matrix framework. It is perceived that this analysis tool gives a better strategic understanding of product market than global commodity chain, and value chain (Haslam, Neale & Johal, 2000). The aim of this essay is to critically analyze whether sector matrix framework is better in strategic understanding of product markets than the concept of commodity chains. Sector matrix has been proved to be most appropriate for analysis of markets especially considering demand and supply. It incorporates ideas from both commodity chain, and Porter’s value chain. Sector matrix is a framework with the capability of working with far much complex products and processes, unlike commodity chains and value chains. For strategic reasons, it is important to know the market demand of a product. Information about demand guides production considering consumer tastes, level of demand, and so on. Different industries and firms have different operations, production systems, and different sectors involved for the final product to be out in the market. These differences determine the level of complexity in a product market, hence the type of analysis tool to understand it better (Haslam, Neale & Johal, 2000). This essay shows why value chain and commodity chain frameworks, cannot be used in a complex industry like the automobile industry, and provide valid rea sons for sector matrix preference instead. The automobile industry is characterised by complex distribution channels, complex products, and high commodity price (Haaslam, Neale & Johal, 2000). This framework is established on the idea that every firm is a collection of activities that are performed to produce, design, deliver, market, and support its products. Within this chain of activities, each firm has to have a successful generic strategy which it

Analysis of the the Canadian International Development Agency Research Paper

Analysis of the the Canadian International Development Agency - Research Paper Example The International Cooperation Ministry of the Federal government, which is currently headquartered in Gatineau, Quebec, oversees the activities of CIDA. Its major objectives are social development including child protection and basic education, economic health of developing countries, sustainability of the environment, and striving for good governance, democracy, and respect of human rights by governments in developing countries. The Agency concentrates most of its bilateral aid in a select group of countries including Haiti and Indonesia. However, this concentration is not inclusive of programs offered by such multilateral bodies like UNDP and UNICEF. It does not also include assistance in fast intervention measures for natural disasters, conflict, and crisis, which are offered all over the world by the Agency’s strong hand of help (Bruneau, 2008). CIDA has made real progress in obtaining results in the arena of international development via collaboration with international, Canadian, and local partners. These results are inclusive of a drop in poverty levels from 1.3 billion in 1990 to 980 million in 2004 (Bruneau, 2008). Other accomplishments are the enrollment of more children in developing countries to primary schools, decline in child mortality, and achievement of Millennium Development Goal by developing countries like Ghana. 2. Organizational Design According to the information systems at the agency, CIDA has 2336 positions, which are, classified (Irwin, 2008). The branch in Africa is the biggest of all the branches with three hundred and eighty five positions in total. It is followed by the Asian branch, which has two hundred and twenty eight positions. After which the branch in the Americas follows with its one hundred and ninety three positions, and finally the branches in the Maghreb, Middle East, and Europe with its one hundred and fifty two positions. The policy branch, which consists of two hundred and thirteen positions, is the Agencyâ₠¬â„¢s largest corporate branch. Two hundred and three positions strong branch then follows it for Canadian Partnership, and then the branch for multilateral programs, which is one hundred and nineteen strong and finally the thirty-eight strong Canada corps. With regard to the branches dealing with a corporate service, the branch of HR and corporate services is the most staffed with three hundred and thirty nine positions. It is then followed in a distant second by the information technology and management branch with one hundred and ninety six positions, then by the branch dealing with communication with one hundred and forty four positions and finally by the Knowledge management and performance branch with its forty one positions. The remainders of the positions, which come up to eighty-five, are inclusive of the offices of the Senior Vice President, Executive Vice President, and President (Irwin, 2008). The distribution of the4 Agency’s positions is as follows. Of the two t housand three hundred and thirty six agencies classified positions, eight hundred and twenty three job positions are clumped against one of twenty-three generic descriptions of work at the agency. Administrative and Program services 1563 Social and economic science services 171 Purchasing, commerce, and audit 113 Executive group 108

Insights That Travels Trough Time Essay Example for Free

Insights That Travels Trough Time Essay The dramatic effect of a masterpiece always depends on the one who views it. John Berger argues about perception and that only few own and experience the proficiency in terms of visual images that shape the cultural memory of a society. Berger opens out and focuses on the power of images (Parks, 2009). He looked up to how others should consider and understand how a certain image could produce â€Å"a new language of images†. Perhaps, he wanted to make each and every artist takes advantage of using his or her works to represent or reflect the ethos that exists in a society. For him the art itself speaks up a rich testimony about the culture and other occurrence in the history. Also Berger establish the notion that those who were unattached from their past, has unbound role and can freely act as an individual or a group. Herewith, it could be assumed that experiences affect how we accept or perceived something or how we or what we believe as true. Further, according to Berger The relation between what we see and what we know is never settled. The truth could be assumed to still rest in the eyes of the viewer. Berger insists to how we people should respond and take importance of what we see. With this, we should learn to read and know what lies behind it. Every image is an instrument that leads us to different region and period (Wong, 2009). If we just learn how to read and decipher the knowledge it offers, then we could freely purchase the vision that the most ignores References: 1. Parks S,. (2009)Studying Culture/Controlling Images. , Retrieve: April 14, 2009 http//www. temple. edu/isllc/sparks 2. Wong M. , (2009)Just in Time :Anamorphosis as a Strategic Survival Visual Tactics. , http://www. para-site. org. hk/_pre/96_txt4. html

Essay --

All around the book of Deuteronomy, God gave quick directions to His people on how they were to live when they arrived in Canaan, the region that God had ensured to Abraham. These guidelines even consolidated the kind of government they should just structure. At the start, they could be supervised by a game plan of judges. By then, in Deuteronomy 17:14-15, God told the Israelites that rulers should just run over the people, however simply those masters who were especially picked by God. The Hebrews ended up in the same position as the first generation that left Israel. As the Israelites, all had consented to be in pledge with the Lord. Furthermore additionally like the Israelites, not each one of the said who submitted to the pledge truly accepted. God cautioned the Israelites to endure in their confidence yet the majority of the original did not. Just Caleb and Joshua from the original were permitted into the Promised Land. Similarly, it was conceivable that just a couple of the Heb rews being tended to in this letter might endure and enter into the guarantees of Christ. (The Nation of Israel) The most significant thing to recognize in 3:18–19 is the nearby association between insubordination and unbelief. In verse 18 we are told that God banned the insubordinate from the Promised Land. Verse 19 lets us know that the original did not enter the Promised Land in light of rebellion. This lets us know that noncompliance and unbelief are eventually synonymous. In the event that an individual proclaims to have faith in the Lord yet carries on with a life of ceaseless defiance to Him, that individual is in jeopardy of being considered as a real part of the heretic. That unbelief and rebellion are eventually synonymous and should not am... ...in and again, God sent prophets to the people to alert them that there could be grave comes about for their insubordination. The last fragment of the Old Testament records the articulations that God charged His prophets to say. Every desire God made through His prophets for the destruction and untouchable of Israel happened. (The Nation of Israel) To see the solicitation of the works of the prophets, we can put them into a chart equivalent to the one we made for the Israeli rulers. The events that were happening all around the times of I and Ii Samuel, I and Ii Kings and I and Ii Chronicles were the precise ones that the prophets tried to alert the people of Israel about. Israel's history substantiates the truthfulness of God's expressions. The individuals did not remain unwavering to God and they were determined from the area and the sanctuary was left in remains.

Out Campus Mode of Studies

According to oxford dictonary the meaning of out campus learning is a separation between the instructor and the student, usually due to geographical or time concerns that prevent the student from attending an on campus course. So electronic play an important role here for our campus learners. Electronic sources are used to bridge this gap and distribute educational material for our campus learning programs using printed and mailed materials over a hundred years ago. Normally out campus programs have usually been specially designed to help best meet the needs and requirements that arise when learning is taking place outside of a traditional classroom setting. Out campus learning are very beneficial for those who are working around the clock. There are alot of advantages by doing out campus learning. First of all, for me out campus learning helps me in my career development. It helps me to get a good post after i finish my degree. Besides this, by doing out campus learning it will make a person to well expose to the paper work and presentation which may enabble the person towords career development. The other advantage of out campus studies is knowledge development. Out campus learning help me to expose to a high level of knowledge which is past either by verble or printed matters, and this knowledge will help to broaden my knowledge. Rather than this, multi tasking is one of the advantages doing out campus learning. It allow me to handle more than one job at a time which are important allement to be a profesional. Out campus students also faces some problem such as no time to study and having less of time to complete their assiment. I as a out campus student also having the same problem. After a whole day working out i have to focus on my family after come home. This make me to don’t have much time to study and do revision. Some times i will be very busy at office untill don’t have time to complete my assiment and past it to the lecturer before the date given by my lecturer. I’m sure most of the out campus students having the same problem like me. Nevertheless, out campus learners also dont have time to meet their lecturer for consultation and get advises regarding their studies. This it make them to get less mark in their studies. Besides this, out campus learning also make students to spent alot for their transportation. This is because most of the students coming from different state every month for their classes. As for me i also come from different state every month for my out campus class. As a out campus students the university never provide hostels for us. So we have to find accommodation on our own. We have to spent money for our accommodation. This make us to spent alot of money every month. The other problem that out campus students face is no cooperation among students to spent time to finish their group assiment. As a out campus student i also face the same problem. Its very difficult for out campus students to sit together and finish their group assiment that given to them. Each of the students are busy with their work and family. So they don’t have time to meet and do their group assiment together. As a conclusion, i can say that students who work well independently and who are strongly motivated to succeed in their goals will get benefit by taking out campus learning program. I as a out compus student can say that we will not be closely monitored by the instructor. So for us reading, projects and other assignments must be completed in a timely fashion. Eventhought there are a lot of problem faces by out campus students but those who are able to set deadlines and avoid the temptations of frequent procrastination will get benefit from out campus studies.

Dulce Et Decorum Est

In the two poems â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est,† by Wilfred Owen and â€Å"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner,† by Randall Jarrell, a common theme is expressed among the two. The expendability of life in warfare is that theme. Both poems express this theme in the same way and make readers realize the worth of life to our armed forces. In â€Å"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner† this theme is shown through the eye of a man that had to experience death in a way that no other person would understand. The writer of the poem, Randall Jarrell recollects his time spend in the air force and his duties.Of which he had to clean out the ball turret of aircraft when they were soiled. This task is what Randall speaks of during his poem. The theme of expendability of life in warfare, can be placed on this task since what Randall was really doing was washing the turret of the human remains with a hose. This action was not something that only happened once; this was his duty, an action that was performed regularly. The cleaning and repair of the turret just meant that another body could be placed in the turret with no emotion or hesitation.In â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† the theme is also shown through the eyes of a man that had to experience death on a daily basis. The writer of the poem, Wilfred Owen describes an event that occurred during service. Wilfred’s description of is that of a fellow brother drowning in gas clouds and the action or lack of taken after his death. The theme that the two poems have in common comes into play when Wilfred recalls the event of other men throwing their brother’s body into a wagon and continuing forward like nothing had happened.This action too shows the worth of ones life in the armed forces and that a life can easily be replaced. The two poems, â€Å"The Death of a Ball Turret Gunner† and â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† are two works that demonstrate how fragile life is and that to some l ife can simply be replaced. The theme of the expendability of life in warfare can be placed on both of the poems since in both life is lost and replaced without reluctance. Even though the two poems were written in two different time periods they both convey the same theme, and do that so in a way that is some what understated but very direct in showing the expendability of life. Dulce Et Decorum Est â€Å"Anyone, who truly wants to go to war, has never really been there before† Kosovar. This not so famous quote, tells about how blind people were to the horrors and tribulations of war due to a force we call propaganda. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori† is a controversial phrase used to describe the benefits of going to war. It has different translations but it basically states â€Å"it is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country†, this is just one of the many techniques a nation could use to shade the soldiers to the harsh reality of war. In this essay I will be evaluating two poems Dulce et Decorum est and The Charge of the Light Brigade. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum† est is a poem about war written by Wilfred Owen during World War 1 in 1917-1918. He was a soldier who experienced war first hand and wrote his poem with primary information. â€Å"The Charge of The Light Brigade† is also a poem about war that was written by Alfred Lord Tennyson, a poet Laureate during the 19th Century. Tennyson uses secondary information to write his poem. Both poems have a direct link to the quote but both have different perspectives of if it really is sweet and fitting to die for ones country. Within the evaluation of the poems I will be analysing Language, Form and Structure, Themes and Context for each poem and at the end I will sum up the main differences and similarities between the two poems. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† In the poem Wilfred Owen uses similes to portray the soldiers as weary, lesser beings that have aged prematurely. â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed, coughing like hags. † The similes comparing the soldiers to â€Å"beggars† and â€Å"hags† already wipes away the thought of soldiers’ being young, strong, healthy, able bodied men. The words â€Å"knock-kneed† and â€Å"coughing† tells us that war is physically demeaning. Owen already starts to show the reality of war. This phrase also tells us about how young men could be transformed into old people. An alternative connotation may not mean that they were old physically but the phrase â€Å"old beggar† sounds like they have been scarred with the experience of seeing a comrade die, that is what has aged them. Owen tells the reader that the men haven’t taken a break from war making them exhausted. The following phrases suggest this: â€Å"And towards our distant rest began to trudge† Men marched asleep† â€Å"Drunk with fatigue† The first quotation literally tells us that the soldiers haven’t rested in a long time â€Å"Distant rest†. From another perspective distant rest may mean the soldiers are going towards inevitable death. The second â€Å"men marched asleep† are two words that contradict; marching is supposed to be full of energy and drive but modifying the meaning with the oxymoron makes it easier to understand how tired they were. Another connotation portrays the phrase as the man just doing an endless routine, in the sense that if you are used to something you could do it asleep. Although, â€Å"men marched asleep† could indicate self realisation. This suggestion comes on the basis of the title â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, the initial phrase tells that the energy that was proclaimed about war was never there and that they are realising the truth. The third quotation â€Å"Drunk with fatigue† carries on emphasising the fact that they are tired. This has some depth because by saying the soldiers were â€Å"drunk† with it tells us that they have had to much as with alcohol that can make you drunk if you have had too much. Wilfred Owens use of rhyme depicts the atmosphere of war as slow and unenthusiastic. Sludge†, â€Å"Trudge† The rhyme creates a slow rhythm this may mean that Owen is trying to tell us that war is not energetic also the word â€Å"Trudge† suggests the slow pace of the soldiers, this slow pace is a key factor in creating the atmosphere of war. Owen shows the reader that war can be unpredictable and dangerous. â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick, boys† The immediacy and urgency of the gas attack is presented through the repetition of the word â€Å"Gas! †. The capital letter on the phrase and the use of exclamation, making it easier to see that someone is shouting out. The sharp entry to the second stanza off the back of the slow start is a juxtaposition this emphasises wars unexpectancy. Wilfred Owen compares the gas to a green sea to stress the gasses danger. â€Å"As under a green sea, I saw him drowning† The poet likens the gas to green sea not only because of the colour but because in both atmospheres it is impossible to breath fluently. The poet continues to mock the title by telling us about the â€Å"drowning† which represents chaos of a gas attack. The last two lines of the 2nd stanza do not rhyme this could be because of the slowness of death that is experienced through death from a gas attack. Owen tells that there is a loss of identity during the chaos of war. â€Å"But someone still was yelling out and stumbling† The use of the word â€Å"someone† shows that during warfare you are note recognized by an identity and the word â€Å"yelling out† suggest chaos during the war. Another connotation may suggest that the soldiers were too scared to stick together as one and help each other. The third stanza is separated from the rest of the stanzas to show his initial reflection to the barbarity of war. â€Å"In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, he plunges at me guttering, choking, and drowning. The poet repeats the word â€Å"my† to exaggerate that it is his reflection of the nightmare of war. The couplet could easily be a thought aloud because the word â€Å"plunges† makes us feel the soldier’s desperation as well as the poet’s helplessness. My point is also exercised within the gerunds by continuing the gerunds it suggest that after everyone he still couldn’t do anything to help the soldier. Owen uses inclusive language to make the reader feel sympathy for soldiers blinded by war. â€Å"My friend, you would not tell with such high zest† The use of the words â€Å"My friend† and â€Å"you† already tells us that we are the audience of this quote. The phrase means that we will not talk about war/death enthusiastically because nothing good comes out of it. My point is also expressed somewhere else in the fourth stanza; the poet describes war as â€Å"obscene as cancer†. The incentive behind the poem at this point in time is to enlighten readers to the effects of propaganda on soldiers during World War 1. But during Owens time, this poem was a warning to any soldier or soldier to be, to not experience warfare. Owen also wrote this poem to mock the phrase â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori† he does this in many lines of his poem. I saved this phrase for last because it is the most influential is â€Å"Behind the wagon that i flung him in† This phrase is powerful because many of the translation tell us that â€Å"it is sweet and proper†Ã¢â‚¬ it is pleasing and beauteous†and â€Å"it is sweet and honourable†; as human beings there is no logic behind saying flinging a man behind a wagon is honourable. Gathering all of Owens firsthand experience of war his preparation of war is that it is a negative unethical way of settling dispute. He tells us about a countries way of tricking people in to wasting their life on a war that has triggered current wars today and many deaths today. The first line of the â€Å"Charge of Light Brigade† already starts to contradict with â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est†, it portrays energy by the use of repetition. â€Å"Half a league, half a league, half a league onward† This burst of energy at the start of the poem already shows an energetic war. The repetition of â€Å"half a league† represents horses galloping. This contradiction is overwhelming compared to â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† start which was very stagnant. Tennyson’s perception of soldiers during war also continues to contradict with Owens views of soldiers being cowards. ‘Forward, the Light Brigade! Charge for the guns' The word â€Å"charge† shows drive and bravery because not every day in a war do you see or hear about soldiers running towards guns. Here the poet creates heroes in our minds blinding us to the true atmosphere of soldiers running towards active guns. The word â€Å"charge† contradicts with Owens portrayal of war because in his poem the movement of the soldiers was slow the word â€Å"Trudge† suggests this. The poet continuously shows the soldiers fearlessness by comparing the battleground to horrific scenes. â€Å"Into the valley of death† This phrase already tells us that death is inevitable and by delving into such an atmosphere, shows their courage. Another connotation may mean that the soldiers are showing an act of stupidity because as a reader you will not expect heroes to be walking stupidly into death. A comparison between both poems is the fact that the soldiers, when in the experience of war have no identity and are regarded as â€Å"someone†. Someone had blunder’d† The use of the word â€Å"someone† emphasises my point that the soldiers identity have been stripped from them, this more or less makes them equal to the soldiers portrayed in Owens poem. Another similarity could be the fact that war causes chaos, the word â€Å"blunder’d† suggests that within all the charging and riding the war still affects a soldier mentally makin g them call out unnecessarily. Tennyson uses repetition to tell the reader that the soldiers were acting as one big unit combining and contributing as the rode straight in to death. Theirs not to make reply, theirs not to reason why, theirs but to do and die† The repetition of the word â€Å"theirs†, tells us that they were collectively familiar with each other. It could also mean they were too disciplined and had no choice but to do what they were told. Again Tennyson uses repetition but this time the poet uses it to represent the soldier’s dangerous situation. â€Å"Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them† The repetition of â€Å"cannon† tells us that the soldiers are surrounded and have nowhere to go but back, they continue march, this shows the soldiers bravery. Another connotation has a similarity to Owens poem; the soldiers being surrounded by cannons show their helplessness within war, this is the same way that Wilfred Owen felt during the gas attack in his poem. The connotation brands war as a phenomenon that renders soldiers helpless. Tennyson shows extreme professionalism in the soldiers during a time of peril. â€Å"Boldly they rode and well, into the jaws of Death, into the mouth of Hell† This tells us that amidst all the chaos and fighting they are still riding good even under the pressure they were under. By pressure i mean the fact they are riding into â€Å"mouth of hell† this phrase means that even at the door of death they were still knocked. The soldiers continue to be portrayed as gallant although their opponents have the upper hand. â€Å"Sabring the gunners there† The word â€Å"sabring† tells us that the soldiers are using swords also the word â€Å"gunners† tells the reader that the opposition have guns. Logic tells us that fighting with swords against guns is stupid but doing it in a war makes it seem great. An alternative interpretation to the phrase may be Biblical in the sense that David used a sling shot to defeat a well armoured Goliath. The poet not only shows the soldiers as strong physically but mentally too this is a complete contrast to the soldiers at the start of â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† â€Å"Right thro’ the line they broke† Many soldiers will stop fighting right after seeing the guns they were facing but these bold soldiers kept of going and managed to penetrate through the opposing side’s front line the words â€Å"line they broke† suggests this. The soldiers in â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† are immediately contrasted by saying â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks†. The poet glorifies the soldiers because against staggering odds they managed to return. â€Å"Back from the mouth of Hell† This suggests that they went to hell and came back, this is physically impossible but still they came out. The last stanza is similar to Owens last stanza because it is aimed at the reader When can their glory fade? The rhetorical question is in place so that it is aimed at the reader. The phrase basically means when can their glory ever be matched, ever be removed from an unseen plaque. The poet exaggerates their actions to attract a lot potential soldiers to enlist. All the world wondered This phrase is propaganda it was probably put in the poem to let soldiers now what type of fame they will get if they join the army. Alfred Lord Tennyson’s purpose of writing this poem was to glorify the war and also use enough techniques within his poem to persuade a soldier to go to war. I believe he succeeded because of the bravery shown by the soldiers that he creates and the reaction in the last paragraph. The two poems â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† and â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† are two poems that talk about war and propaganda infused into war. They are two controversial phrases that could be biased from both sides so we cannot say that one’s perception of war is right or wrong. But as for me I do not agree with the fictional book story â€Å"The Charge Of The Light Brigade† it sounds too unreal. Like I wrote in the beginning of my essay â€Å"Anyone, who truly wants to go to war, has never really been there before†, it is down to poets such as Wilfred Owen and Alfred Lord Tennyson to dictate a man’s perception of warfare. Dulce et Decorum Est â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† is a poem written by Wilfred Owen the famous poet and solider, who fought and died in World War 1, who is considered one of the greatest war poets of his time. The Great War resulted in more than 40 million casualties; soldiers were originally volunteers but were increasingly conscripted into service. War poets such as Owen describe the intense horror of being a solider in the trenches. People who stayed home were blissfully unaware of the sufferings of the soldiers at the front line. They stayed in their safe homes swallowing the propaganda fed to them by the government, telling the younger generations stories of the honour and bravery of the battlefield. The poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum† addresses the issue of propaganda and the horror suffered. The poem effectively delivers the messages â€Å"Don't lie to the public through propaganda† and â€Å"The War was the pointless killing of the innocent. † The first stanza of the poem is very significant in that it uses alliteration and meter that plunges the reader into the poem. This and the fact the first stanza is in first person causes the reader to feel as if he or she is experiencing war firsthand. Owen incorporates specific imagery to into the poem in order to introduce the reader to the chaotic world of war. Owen opens by saying that the soldiers are â€Å"bent double. † This statement manages to effectively convey the exhaustion of the soldiers, who have become so disillusioned that they find themselves in a state of purgatorial numbness. Moreover, Owen describes the soldiers as being like â€Å"old-beggars. This a peculiar term to use since most the soldiers were young men when they enlisted; Owen's reason for using this simile is to demonstrate the way war ages soldiers both physically and emotionally. He also compares the soldiers to â€Å"hags† a word that brings to mind disfigurement, and thus could act as a possible reference to the mutilation of bodies so often encountered in war. Additionally, Owen describes the soldiers as being â€Å"drunk with fatigue† which seems especially significant because of the suggestion of idea of inebriation as a form of escape from reality, the only method of escape available to them. The second Stanza of the poem signifies a major transitional point in the poem, breaking down the structure and snapping the reader into a sense of panic that is similar to the fear experienced on the battlefield. Owen opens the stanza with the words â€Å"Gas! GAS! † The capital letters are important because it sets a tone of urgency and panic and makes it seem as if the author is yelling at the reader, just as the soldiers and the superiors would probably be yelling frantically. Interestingly, Owen describes the soldiers experience as an â€Å"ecstasy of fumbling. The use of the word â€Å"ecstasy† to describe an undoubtedly horrific experience shows Owens recognition and disgust at the aesthticization of war and death commonly utilized by the government at the time. Owen uses words such as â€Å"clumsy†, â€Å"stumbling† and â€Å"flound'ring† to stress the immediacy and emergency of the state in which the soldiers find themselves. One gets the sense that most, if not all, choreographed instructions and drills of procedures for this kind of emergency are discarded and that the soldiers frantically improvise to do what they can to survive. Furthermore, the ellipsis in this stanza seems vital in the understanding the poem. This is because it represents the passage of time between the frantic fumbling for the gas masks and Owen's viewing of a man â€Å"drowning† in a â€Å"sea† of gas, struggling to survive, the use of â€Å"sea† and â€Å"drowning† conveys the image of the body thrashing as one would when drowning. The third stanza of the poem is the shortest, but in some ways, it is the most vivid. Owen describes how he sees this man â€Å"in all dreams†; this is characteristic of the ongoing trauma that so many soldiers experience not only during the war, but after the war as well. The narrator describes himself as experiencing this repeatedly, watching this man, yet remaining â€Å"helpless†. This illustrates Owen's frustration, and perhaps guilt, at his not being able to do anything to save this man. Owen goes on to say that the man â€Å"plunges at me†; the man knows he is going to die, because try as he might he is aware that there is nothing to be done. It is clear that Owen is haunted by this image based on his vivid description of the man as â€Å"guttering, choking and drowning. The man slow and futile struggle to survive continues to disturb Owen for long after the incident has passed. The fourth and final stanza of the poem marks the first time that Owen employs the second person, by using the word â€Å"you. † He directly addresses and actively draws the reader into the poem. He also continues with his use of descriptive imagery by describing the man as having â€Å"white eyes writhing in his face. † As the man leaves life and enters death his eyes once full of expression now carry numbness and desensitization. Owen goes on to say that the soldiers have â€Å"innocent tongues† to further portray the injustice of soldiers killed in battle and the governments' evil for allowing the war to continue. The last stanza, especially the ending, read as if it is a final plea to the reader. Owen says that if the reader were able to truly experience the horrors of fighting in battle, he or she would never promote or glorify war to the future generations. This plea represents a reworking of the title of the poem, which literally translates from Latin into â€Å"How sweet it is to die for your country. If when reading the poem the reader interprets the title literally, by the end of the poem it is clear that Owen uses the title as a tool for making an ironic statement instead. Throughout the poem the reader is shown vivid imagery describing war which can effectively fill one with anger, pity, sadness or even satisfaction that at least someone is speaking the truth. For me personally it makes me sad. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† is tragic. Owen speaking from first hand experience of a soldier sent to the front line, hurls pain in to the reader's face, causing the reader to feel both pity and guilt for the crimes of war. Dulce Et Decorum Est â€Å"Anyone, who truly wants to go to war, has never really been there before† Kosovar. This not so famous quote, tells about how blind people were to the horrors and tribulations of war due to a force we call propaganda. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori† is a controversial phrase used to describe the benefits of going to war. It has different translations but it basically states â€Å"it is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country†, this is just one of the many techniques a nation could use to shade the soldiers to the harsh reality of war. In this essay I will be evaluating two poems Dulce et Decorum est and The Charge of the Light Brigade. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum† est is a poem about war written by Wilfred Owen during World War 1 in 1917-1918. He was a soldier who experienced war first hand and wrote his poem with primary information. â€Å"The Charge of The Light Brigade† is also a poem about war that was written by Alfred Lord Tennyson, a poet Laureate during the 19th Century. Tennyson uses secondary information to write his poem. Both poems have a direct link to the quote but both have different perspectives of if it really is sweet and fitting to die for ones country. Within the evaluation of the poems I will be analysing Language, Form and Structure, Themes and Context for each poem and at the end I will sum up the main differences and similarities between the two poems. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† In the poem Wilfred Owen uses similes to portray the soldiers as weary, lesser beings that have aged prematurely. â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed, coughing like hags. † The similes comparing the soldiers to â€Å"beggars† and â€Å"hags† already wipes away the thought of soldiers’ being young, strong, healthy, able bodied men. The words â€Å"knock-kneed† and â€Å"coughing† tells us that war is physically demeaning. Owen already starts to show the reality of war. This phrase also tells us about how young men could be transformed into old people. An alternative connotation may not mean that they were old physically but the phrase â€Å"old beggar† sounds like they have been scarred with the experience of seeing a comrade die, that is what has aged them. Owen tells the reader that the men haven’t taken a break from war making them exhausted. The following phrases suggest this: â€Å"And towards our distant rest began to trudge† Men marched asleep† â€Å"Drunk with fatigue† The first quotation literally tells us that the soldiers haven’t rested in a long time â€Å"Distant rest†. From another perspective distant rest may mean the soldiers are going towards inevitable death. The second â€Å"men marched asleep† are two words that contradict; marching is supposed to be full of energy and drive but modifying the meaning with the oxymoron makes it easier to understand how tired they were. Another connotation portrays the phrase as the man just doing an endless routine, in the sense that if you are used to something you could do it asleep. Although, â€Å"men marched asleep† could indicate self realisation. This suggestion comes on the basis of the title â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, the initial phrase tells that the energy that was proclaimed about war was never there and that they are realising the truth. The third quotation â€Å"Drunk with fatigue† carries on emphasising the fact that they are tired. This has some depth because by saying the soldiers were â€Å"drunk† with it tells us that they have had to much as with alcohol that can make you drunk if you have had too much. Wilfred Owens use of rhyme depicts the atmosphere of war as slow and unenthusiastic. Sludge†, â€Å"Trudge† The rhyme creates a slow rhythm this may mean that Owen is trying to tell us that war is not energetic also the word â€Å"Trudge† suggests the slow pace of the soldiers, this slow pace is a key factor in creating the atmosphere of war. Owen shows the reader that war can be unpredictable and dangerous. â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick, boys† The immediacy and urgency of the gas attack is presented through the repetition of the word â€Å"Gas! †. The capital letter on the phrase and the use of exclamation, making it easier to see that someone is shouting out. The sharp entry to the second stanza off the back of the slow start is a juxtaposition this emphasises wars unexpectancy. Wilfred Owen compares the gas to a green sea to stress the gasses danger. â€Å"As under a green sea, I saw him drowning† The poet likens the gas to green sea not only because of the colour but because in both atmospheres it is impossible to breath fluently. The poet continues to mock the title by telling us about the â€Å"drowning† which represents chaos of a gas attack. The last two lines of the 2nd stanza do not rhyme this could be because of the slowness of death that is experienced through death from a gas attack. Owen tells that there is a loss of identity during the chaos of war. â€Å"But someone still was yelling out and stumbling† The use of the word â€Å"someone† shows that during warfare you are note recognized by an identity and the word â€Å"yelling out† suggest chaos during the war. Another connotation may suggest that the soldiers were too scared to stick together as one and help each other. The third stanza is separated from the rest of the stanzas to show his initial reflection to the barbarity of war. â€Å"In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, he plunges at me guttering, choking, and drowning. The poet repeats the word â€Å"my† to exaggerate that it is his reflection of the nightmare of war. The couplet could easily be a thought aloud because the word â€Å"plunges† makes us feel the soldier’s desperation as well as the poet’s helplessness. My point is also exercised within the gerunds by continuing the gerunds it suggest that after everyone he still couldn’t do anything to help the soldier. Owen uses inclusive language to make the reader feel sympathy for soldiers blinded by war. â€Å"My friend, you would not tell with such high zest† The use of the words â€Å"My friend† and â€Å"you† already tells us that we are the audience of this quote. The phrase means that we will not talk about war/death enthusiastically because nothing good comes out of it. My point is also expressed somewhere else in the fourth stanza; the poet describes war as â€Å"obscene as cancer†. The incentive behind the poem at this point in time is to enlighten readers to the effects of propaganda on soldiers during World War 1. But during Owens time, this poem was a warning to any soldier or soldier to be, to not experience warfare. Owen also wrote this poem to mock the phrase â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori† he does this in many lines of his poem. I saved this phrase for last because it is the most influential is â€Å"Behind the wagon that i flung him in† This phrase is powerful because many of the translation tell us that â€Å"it is sweet and proper†Ã¢â‚¬ it is pleasing and beauteous†and â€Å"it is sweet and honourable†; as human beings there is no logic behind saying flinging a man behind a wagon is honourable. Gathering all of Owens firsthand experience of war his preparation of war is that it is a negative unethical way of settling dispute. He tells us about a countries way of tricking people in to wasting their life on a war that has triggered current wars today and many deaths today. The first line of the â€Å"Charge of Light Brigade† already starts to contradict with â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est†, it portrays energy by the use of repetition. â€Å"Half a league, half a league, half a league onward† This burst of energy at the start of the poem already shows an energetic war. The repetition of â€Å"half a league† represents horses galloping. This contradiction is overwhelming compared to â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† start which was very stagnant. Tennyson’s perception of soldiers during war also continues to contradict with Owens views of soldiers being cowards. ‘Forward, the Light Brigade! Charge for the guns' The word â€Å"charge† shows drive and bravery because not every day in a war do you see or hear about soldiers running towards guns. Here the poet creates heroes in our minds blinding us to the true atmosphere of soldiers running towards active guns. The word â€Å"charge† contradicts with Owens portrayal of war because in his poem the movement of the soldiers was slow the word â€Å"Trudge† suggests this. The poet continuously shows the soldiers fearlessness by comparing the battleground to horrific scenes. â€Å"Into the valley of death† This phrase already tells us that death is inevitable and by delving into such an atmosphere, shows their courage. Another connotation may mean that the soldiers are showing an act of stupidity because as a reader you will not expect heroes to be walking stupidly into death. A comparison between both poems is the fact that the soldiers, when in the experience of war have no identity and are regarded as â€Å"someone†. Someone had blunder’d† The use of the word â€Å"someone† emphasises my point that the soldiers identity have been stripped from them, this more or less makes them equal to the soldiers portrayed in Owens poem. Another similarity could be the fact that war causes chaos, the word â€Å"blunder’d† suggests that within all the charging and riding the war still affects a soldier mentally makin g them call out unnecessarily. Tennyson uses repetition to tell the reader that the soldiers were acting as one big unit combining and contributing as the rode straight in to death. Theirs not to make reply, theirs not to reason why, theirs but to do and die† The repetition of the word â€Å"theirs†, tells us that they were collectively familiar with each other. It could also mean they were too disciplined and had no choice but to do what they were told. Again Tennyson uses repetition but this time the poet uses it to represent the soldier’s dangerous situation. â€Å"Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them† The repetition of â€Å"cannon† tells us that the soldiers are surrounded and have nowhere to go but back, they continue march, this shows the soldiers bravery. Another connotation has a similarity to Owens poem; the soldiers being surrounded by cannons show their helplessness within war, this is the same way that Wilfred Owen felt during the gas attack in his poem. The connotation brands war as a phenomenon that renders soldiers helpless. Tennyson shows extreme professionalism in the soldiers during a time of peril. â€Å"Boldly they rode and well, into the jaws of Death, into the mouth of Hell† This tells us that amidst all the chaos and fighting they are still riding good even under the pressure they were under. By pressure i mean the fact they are riding into â€Å"mouth of hell† this phrase means that even at the door of death they were still knocked. The soldiers continue to be portrayed as gallant although their opponents have the upper hand. â€Å"Sabring the gunners there† The word â€Å"sabring† tells us that the soldiers are using swords also the word â€Å"gunners† tells the reader that the opposition have guns. Logic tells us that fighting with swords against guns is stupid but doing it in a war makes it seem great. An alternative interpretation to the phrase may be Biblical in the sense that David used a sling shot to defeat a well armoured Goliath. The poet not only shows the soldiers as strong physically but mentally too this is a complete contrast to the soldiers at the start of â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† â€Å"Right thro’ the line they broke† Many soldiers will stop fighting right after seeing the guns they were facing but these bold soldiers kept of going and managed to penetrate through the opposing side’s front line the words â€Å"line they broke† suggests this. The soldiers in â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† are immediately contrasted by saying â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks†. The poet glorifies the soldiers because against staggering odds they managed to return. â€Å"Back from the mouth of Hell† This suggests that they went to hell and came back, this is physically impossible but still they came out. The last stanza is similar to Owens last stanza because it is aimed at the reader When can their glory fade? The rhetorical question is in place so that it is aimed at the reader. The phrase basically means when can their glory ever be matched, ever be removed from an unseen plaque. The poet exaggerates their actions to attract a lot potential soldiers to enlist. All the world wondered This phrase is propaganda it was probably put in the poem to let soldiers now what type of fame they will get if they join the army. Alfred Lord Tennyson’s purpose of writing this poem was to glorify the war and also use enough techniques within his poem to persuade a soldier to go to war. I believe he succeeded because of the bravery shown by the soldiers that he creates and the reaction in the last paragraph. The two poems â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† and â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† are two poems that talk about war and propaganda infused into war. They are two controversial phrases that could be biased from both sides so we cannot say that one’s perception of war is right or wrong. But as for me I do not agree with the fictional book story â€Å"The Charge Of The Light Brigade† it sounds too unreal. Like I wrote in the beginning of my essay â€Å"Anyone, who truly wants to go to war, has never really been there before†, it is down to poets such as Wilfred Owen and Alfred Lord Tennyson to dictate a man’s perception of warfare.

Boat Cavitation Causes and Remedies

Boat Cavitation Causes and Remedies Next time you find yourself floating chest deep in water, try this little demonstration of cavitation in action while you are waiting for everyone to stop laughing and pull you out of the water. Hold the palm of your hand vertically and pass it quickly back and forth through the water. You will see a stream of bubbles form opposite the direction of travel. These bubbles are what is called cavitation. In the case of boats and ships, cavitation refers to a pocket, or cavity, of air forming on the backside of a prop or impeller blade. What Is Cavitation? What Are Its Causes? The most simple definition of cavitation is; an action that causes a void to form because of lower pressure. As the definition above says, the condition of cavitation is caused by a low-pressure situation. When you moved your hand back and forth through the water you caused the pressure behind your hand to drop. Thats where the bubbles formed. A prop with too much pitch or too much shaft speed will cause pockets to form on the back side of the blades or even at the tips. The reason these voids form is boiling of the liquid. This is not boiling from heat, but boiling from the vacuum. Physics experts tell us that a liquid will boil if heated to a certain temperature or if the pressure of the liquid is reduced. In the case of cavitation, the reason is lower pressure. This cold boiling technique is good for many industrial uses, but it is not wanted near props or pump impellers. The collapsing bubbles are filled with very low-pressure water vapor and when they collapse damage is done to many surfaces. Cavitation is a drag on efficiency because of the increased friction. The bubbles stick to surfaces and essentially increase the thickness of prop blades and more power is needed to increase or maintain speed. Even worse, cavitation can cause vibration because of uneven prop loads and damage or break equipment. Even worse than vibration damage is pitting. Pitting happens when bubbles collapse and all forces are focused on a tiny spot on the blade surface. Damage from vibration is very noticeable and usually preventable with modifications to operating style. Damage from pitting can be happening at a very subtle level and most of the affected components are out of sight in day-to-day operations. An increase in power caused by a poorly adjusted governor can be enough to start minor cavitation near the prop tips and probably would not be noticed by most crews. Only at haul out would the damage to drive components to be noticed. Pitting increases surface area which causes corrosion and few anti-fouling coatings can withstand forces from collapsing bubbles that can eat into hardened steel. This same set of conditions and the resulting damage can also happen inside things like pump housings and thruster tunnels. Cavitation is actually much easier to produce in an enclosed environment than in an open situation like a prop and shaft. In an enclosed area, there is much less liquid volume to rush in and compress the vacuum bubbles that are forming. Cavitation inside pumps is a leading cause of failure. Turning a centrifugal pump too quickly causes the liquid in a pump chamber to boil from lack of pressure. This is even more of a problem if you are pumping a hot liquid like coolant or heavy fuel oil. In a hot liquid situation, you are applying two sources of energy that will make the liquid boil. The first, heat, is external and is the better-understood form of boiling. The second is the mechanical vacuum caused by the impeller. The technical term for this second force is Net Positive Suction Head or NPSH.

Double Negatives to Avoid

Double Negatives to Avoid Double Negatives to Avoid Double Negatives to Avoid By Maeve Maddox A French speaker who says â€Å"Je ne sais rien† raises no eyebrows among the educated, but an English speaker who says â€Å"I don’t know nothing† is immediately marked as semi-literate. (French ne corresponds to English not and rien to nothing.) Some languages, like French and Spanish, have what is called â€Å"negative concord,† usage that allows two negatives to express a single negation without being considered incorrect. Double negatives in English came to be seen as ungrammatical after the Middle Ages. Considering the wide use of double negatives in nonstandard English dialects of English, one might wonder why the double negative is disdained in the standard dialects. In 1762 a very learned English bishop named Robert Lowth (1710-1787) published A Short Introduction to English Grammar. The bishop stated this rule: Two Negatives in English destroy one another, or are equivalent to an Affirmative. Lowth was a scholar of Latin and Hebrew. Both those ancient languages lack negative concord. Bishop Lowth’s opinion has become our rule. Never use not in the same sentence as the following: hardly scarcely only (in some contexts; does not apply to not onlybut also) neither never no one nobody nothing no none Here are some examples of sentences that rarely cause confusion in nonstandard dialects, but which are incorrect in standard English: Note: the asterisk indicates that the sentence is nonstandard. *She was so weak she couldn’t hardly sit up. *Scarcely nobody came to my party. *I can’t stay only a few minutes. *I didn’t know neither her telephone number nor her address. *I never saw no one I thought prettier. *I don’t know nothing about building a compost pile. *We don’t need no education *I don’t want none of those escargots. Here are the same thoughts expressed in standard English: She was so weak she could hardly sit up. Scarcely anybody came to my party. I can stay only a few minutes. I knew neither her telephone number nor her address. I never saw anyone I thought prettier. I don’t know anything about building a compost pile. We don’t need an education I don’t want any of those escargots. Note: Not all double negatives in English earn an F from grammarians. The â€Å"not un-† construction popular in the 17th century is still acceptable in standard English. For example, here’s a comment from a travel article: â€Å"the flavor was unusual, but not unappealing.† Both not and unappealing are negatives. The idea is that the flavor is too strange to actually be â€Å"appealing,† but is nevertheless palatable. To state the thought otherwise would alter the writer’s intended meaning. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesTypes of Plots

Deaf Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deaf Reflection - Coursework Example I feel that the teachers ought to protect the deaf students. This is because they better understood the deaf student than any other person did. There was no register for the deaf in the country, therefore; the authorities would not have accounted for any deaf student missing (Biesold 143). I feel disappointed with some Nazi educationalist. I believe that educationalist can understand the right of every child and the importance of education. I get disappointed when some Nazi educationalist questioned the education of the deaf, terming it as wasteful, instead of enlightening the officials to promote the deaf education. Doctors terminated pregnancies to prevent the birth of deaf children (Biesold 144). It is beyond anyone’s control not to give birth to a deaf child. Doctors ought to understand this fact more than anyone else does. I feel horrified to learn that doctors risked the lives of the mother and their unborn child by performing an abortion of six months! The doctors were not sure that the unborn child is deaf. This practice was unfair and uncalled for, bringing pain and misery n the lives of the expecting mothers and their families (Biesold 145). Many deaf couples do not have children. This has made their lives unbearable and lonely. The horrific and sinister turns of events of 1939 were unbearable. Nazi authority killed deaf persons (Biesold 145). The authority referred to them as ‘useless eaters’. I feel that the government instead of referring to any person as, ‘useless’ they should at least show concern because it is not for their wish to be born in that condition. A government should protect her citizen and Nazi government should have stood to their initial policy of protecting and providing for their citizen (Biesold 146).